< Database head page
Tolich Martin Current Work Issues in Bell Claudia (ed): Sociology of Everyday Life in New Zealand (Palmerston North Dunmore 2001) pp.113-126
Quoting Grint and McLennan Ryan and Spoonley on the subject of Work Tolich concludes -

"A definition of work seems elusive because the definition may not be found in the nature of the task but in its context ... work can be defined as virtually anything." [Quote p.114]

The references are: On women in the workforce -

"Trade Union membership dropped in the decade from 1985 to 1996 from 683 workers in 259 unions to 339 327 workers in 83 unions. As a total of all workers the density of unions has declined from 43.5 per cent to 19.9 per cent." [Quote p.118]

"Women's participation in the labour force is a significant feature of the post-World War II labour market ... In 1996 women made up 37.9 per cent of the full-time workforce but accounted for 70.5 per cent of all those working part time. [Quote p.117]

On 'portfolio workers' -

"... temporary work is endemic to the New Zealand workforce given that a great deal of casualised part-time work should be classified as temping" [Quote pp 118-9]

"Embedded in the growth of executive temps in the late 1990's has been the increase in the number of New Zealanders classed as self-employed now twelve per cent of the workforce. ...Often the title 'self employed' can be a euphemism for middle-class male unemployment or underemployment. ...Self employment is not a passing phase but a trend likely to be prolonged." [Quote pp.119-120]

Tolich interviewed Tim a former accountant who had been unemployed for eight years. He adopted the same format that newspapers commonly use when asking a successful businessperson to describe a typical day.

"...Who is the most important mentor in your current situation ?
Well I guess a personal faith would be what I would be thinking of - Yes a religious faith if you can think of a biblical teaching as a mentor..." [Quote p.122]